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        <p>信息收集是渗透测试的第一步，本文总结目前信息收集的具体操作步骤。</p><h1 id="网站信息"><a href="#网站信息" class="headerlink" title="网站信息"></a>网站信息</h1><h2 id="whois信息"><a href="#whois信息" class="headerlink" title="whois信息"></a>whois信息</h2><p>可以收集到的信息有：</p><ul>
<li>联系人</li>
<li>邮箱（可以到社工库进一步查询）</li>
<li>电话</li>
</ul><p>收集途径有：</p><ul>
<li><a href="http://whois.chinaz.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://whois.chinaz.com/</a> （站长之家）</li>
<li><a href="https://who.is/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://who.is/</a> （国外）</li>
<li><a href="https://x.threatbook.cn/（通过邮箱查询其他的站点）" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://x.threatbook.cn/（通过邮箱查询其他的站点）</a></li>
<li><a href="https://dns.aizhan.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dns.aizhan.com/</a> （IP反查域名）</li>
<li>命令<code>whois anemone.top</code> </li>
</ul><a id="more"></a>




<h2 id="备案信息"><a href="#备案信息" class="headerlink" title="备案信息"></a>备案信息</h2><p>仍然是收集联系人、公司等信息</p>
<p>途径有：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.tianyancha.com/brand/b59c12209" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.tianyancha.com/brand/b59c12209</a> （天眼查）</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gsxt.gov.cn（国家信用公示）" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.gsxt.gov.cn（国家信用公示）</a></li>
<li><a href="http://icp.chinaz.com（站长之家，可以查询其他备案站点）" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://icp.chinaz.com（站长之家，可以查询其他备案站点）</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="DNS信息"><a href="#DNS信息" class="headerlink" title="DNS信息"></a>DNS信息</h2><p>DNS用来获取网站IP，但若网站使用了CDN服务则无效。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>dig anemone.top</code> # Linux</li>
<li><code>dig @1.1.1.1 anemone.top</code> # 使用1.1.1.1dns解析</li>
<li><code>nslookup anemone.top</code> # Windows</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="指纹信息"><a href="#指纹信息" class="headerlink" title="指纹信息"></a>指纹信息</h2><p>获取中间件类型和版本，通过http头部获取，也可以用whatweb工具：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ whatweb anemone.top</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根据目录、头文件、特有文件等识别CMS：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.yunsee.cn/finger.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.yunsee.cn/finger.html</a></li>
<li><a href="http://whatweb.bugscaner.com/look/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://whatweb.bugscaner.com/look/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.test404.com/post-1618.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Test404轻量CMS指纹识别</a> </li>
<li><code>nmap -p80,443 --script=http-waf-fingerprint ip</code></li>
<li><code>nmap -p80,443 --script=http-waf-fingerprint ip</code></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="服务器的相关信息"><a href="#服务器的相关信息" class="headerlink" title="服务器的相关信息"></a>服务器的相关信息</h1><h2 id="寻找真实IP"><a href="#寻找真实IP" class="headerlink" title="寻找真实IP"></a>寻找真实IP</h2><p>先用多地ping判断网站是否存在CDN：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://tool.chinaz.com/dns/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://tool.chinaz.com/dns/</a></li>
</ul>
<p>若存在CDN则尝试如下办法寻找真实IP：</p>
<ul>
<li>分站域名</li>
<li><p>DNS历史记录</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://securitytrails.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://securitytrails.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://x.threatbook.cn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://x.threatbook.cn/</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.virustotal.com/#/home/search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VirusTotal</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>上传附件</p>
</li>
<li><p>国外DNS：利用国内网站不在国外做CDN的特点，使用国外的DNS解析，感谢”<a href="https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/179043.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">经验分享｜谈谈渗透测试中的信息搜集</a>“提供了以下冷门的DNS：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">209.244.0.3</span><br><span class="line">64.6.64.6</span><br><span class="line">8.8.8.8</span><br><span class="line">9.9.9.9</span><br><span class="line">8.26.56.26</span><br><span class="line">199.85.126.10</span><br><span class="line">208.67.222.222</span><br><span class="line">195.46.39.39</span><br><span class="line">69.195.152.204</span><br><span class="line">208.76.50.50</span><br><span class="line">216.146.35.35</span><br><span class="line">37.235.1.174</span><br><span class="line">198.101.242.72</span><br><span class="line">77.88.8.8</span><br><span class="line">91.239.100.100</span><br><span class="line">74.82.42.42</span><br><span class="line">109.69.8.51</span><br><span class="line">156.154.70.1</span><br><span class="line">1.1.1.1</span><br><span class="line">45.77.165.194</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>邮箱：邮件服务器无法CDN，因此可以使用网站的邮件发送功能（如密码找回等）获取原IP，当然要确保网站的邮件服务器用的是自己的。</p>
</li>
<li><p>全网扫描：最笨的办法是使用工具扫描全网的IP段：</p>
<ul>
<li>zmap，<a href="https://github.com/zmap/zgrab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zgrab</a>(<a href="https://www.t00ls.net/articles-40631.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.t00ls.net/articles-40631.html</a>)</li>
<li>fuckcdn.exe</li>
<li>w8Fuckcdn</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>网站漏洞，如：</p>
<ul>
<li>SSRF</li>
<li>phpinfo</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="服务器系统"><a href="#服务器系统" class="headerlink" title="服务器系统"></a>服务器系统</h2><ul>
<li>网址大小写是否敏感判断Windows/Linux</li>
<li>nmap识别系统</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="开放端口"><a href="#开放端口" class="headerlink" title="开放端口"></a>开放端口</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">nmap -T4 -sT -p- -sV 127.0.0.1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>常用端口有：</p>
<p>3306 mysql<br>1433 mssql<br>1521 oracle<br>5432 postgresql<br>6379 redis<br>27017 mongodb<br>8080 tomcat/resin/jetty<br>137 samba<br>873 rsync<br>5900 vnc</p>
<h2 id="WAF"><a href="#WAF" class="headerlink" title="WAF"></a>WAF</h2><p>从HTTP头部获取WAF信息</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Ekultek/WhatWaf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/Ekultek/WhatWaf</a></li>
<li><code>wafw00f -a 域名</code></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="子域名、C段、旁站"><a href="#子域名、C段、旁站" class="headerlink" title="子域名、C段、旁站"></a>子域名、C段、旁站</h1><h2 id="子域名收集"><a href="#子域名收集" class="headerlink" title="子域名收集"></a>子域名收集</h2><ul>
<li>暴力枚举<ul>
<li>(dnsrecon)[<a href="https://github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon</a>]</li>
<li>subDomainsBrute</li>
<li>layer子域名挖掘机</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>搜索引擎<ul>
<li>site: anemone.top</li>
<li><a href="https://dnsdumpster.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dnsdumpster.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.virustotal.com/#/home/search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VirusTotal</a></li>
<li>Sublist3r（集合多家搜索引擎结果）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>使用SSL/TLS证书查询<ul>
<li><a href="https://crt.sh/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://crt.sh/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/appsecco/bugcrowd-levelup-subdomain-enumeration" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bugcrowd-levelup-subdomain-enumeration</a></li>
<li><a href="https://censys.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://censys.io/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.facebook.com/tools/ct/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://developers.facebook.com/tools/ct/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://google.com/transparencyreport/https/ct/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://google.com/transparencyreport/https/ct/</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="C站查询"><a href="#C站查询" class="headerlink" title="C站查询"></a>C站查询</h2><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.webscan.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.webscan.cc/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ipwhois.cnnic.net.cn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://ipwhois.cnnic.net.cn/</a></li>
<li><code>nmap -p 80,8080 --open ip/24</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="旁站查询"><a href="#旁站查询" class="headerlink" title="旁站查询"></a>旁站查询</h2><ul>
<li><a href="http://s.tool.chinaz.com/same" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://s.tool.chinaz.com/same</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="网站目录"><a href="#网站目录" class="headerlink" title="网站目录"></a>网站目录</h1><p>可能泄露的目录有：</p>
<ul>
<li>网站后台</li>
<li>网站源代码备份，如:<ul>
<li>www.rar</li>
<li>www.zip</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>版本控制<ul>
<li>/.git/config （利用：<a href="https://github.com/internetwache/GitTools" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitTools</a>，<a href="https://github.com/WangYihang/GitHacker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHacker</a>）</li>
<li>/.svn/entries （利用：Seay SVN漏洞利用工具）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>JavaWeb目录<ul>
<li>/WEB-INF/web.xml：Web应用程序配置文件，描述了 servlet 和其他的应用组件配置及命名规则。</li>
<li>/WEB-INF/classes/：含了站点所有用的 <strong>class</strong> 文件，包括 <strong>servlet</strong> <strong>class</strong> 和非<strong>servlet</strong> <strong>class</strong>，他们不能包含在 .<strong>jar</strong>文件中</li>
<li>/WEB-INF/lib/：存放web应用需要的各种JAR文件，放置仅在这个应用中要求使用的jar文件,如数据库驱动jar文件</li>
<li>/WEB-INF/src/：源码目录，按照包名结构放置各个java文件。</li>
<li>/WEB-INF/database.properties：数据库配置文件</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>其他敏感文件泄露，如：<ul>
<li>phpinfo</li>
<li>robots.txt</li>
<li>.DS_Store(<a href="https://github.com/lijiejie/ds_store_exp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/lijiejie/ds_store_exp</a>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>推荐工具有：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch</a></li>
<li>御剑，<a href="http://www.moonsec.com/post-753.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.moonsec.com/post-753.html</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="其他信息"><a href="#其他信息" class="headerlink" title="其他信息"></a>其他信息</h1><ul>
<li>GitHub源码<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/FeeiCN/GSIL" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/FeeiCN/GSIL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>网络资产搜索引擎：<ul>
<li><a href="https://fofa.so/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://fofa.so/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.yunsee.cn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.yunsee.cn/</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h1><ul>
<li>信息收集总结，<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33336310/article/details/86665344" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33336310/article/details/86665344</a></li>
<li>Web安全 — 信息收集<a href="https://www.freebuf.com/column/155795.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.freebuf.com/column/155795.html</a></li>
<li>他山之石 | 渗透测试中的各种子域名枚举技术介绍，<a href="https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/154809.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/154809.html</a></li>
</ul>

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